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"Polog and its Bulgarian population" by Afanasy Selishchev is an ethnographic study of the Polog region, a part of northwestern Macedonia that the author identifies as part of the Bulgarian ethnographic area, since it was financed by the publisher of the book - the Macedonian National Institute, a Bulgarian irredentist organization based in Sofia. The work is a detailed examination of the region's historical, ethnographic, and dialectological features.
The study highlights the various ethnic groups present, including Bulgarians, Albanians, Turks, Roma, and Vlachs. Selishchev's work underscores the "unity of the ancestors of the Slavs of Polog, the rest of Macedonia and Bulgaria" in their linguistic and social development. He also notes the presence of Albanian cultural elements, such as bilingualism and their influence on local clothing. The author's observations are supplemented by the writings of local figures, such as Kiril Peychinovich, who wrote in the regional Bulgarian dialect.